function formatWhipParam(r, k, prefix, suffix, dec, stats) {
  if (r[k] == null) return null;
  const v = Number(r[k]);
  let text = `${prefix}${v.toFixed(dec)}${suffix}`;
  if (!stats || !stats[k]) return text;
  const s = stats[k];
  const dist = Math.abs(v - s.avg);
  const ratio = 1 - (dist / s.maxDist);
  const alpha = 0.1 + (0.8 * ratio);
  return `<span style="background:rgba(255, 165, 0, ${alpha.toFixed(2)}); color:${alpha > 0.4 ? '#000' : 'inherit'}; border-radius:3px; padding:0 2px;">${text}</span>`;
}